{"id":106998,"date":"2016-11-10T10:20:52","date_gmt":"2016-11-10T01:20:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/profession-net.com\/professionjournal\/?p=106998"},"modified":"2016-12-01T12:23:23","modified_gmt":"2016-12-01T03:23:23","slug":"income-article-212","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/profession-net.com\/professionjournal\/income-article-212\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9152\u4e95\u514b\u5f66\u306e\u3008\u6df1\u8aad\u307f\u25c6\u79df\u7a0e\u6cd5\u3009\u3000\u3010\u7b2c47\u56de\u3011\u300c\u5b9d\u304f\u3058\u306b\u4fc2\u308b\u8ab2\u7a0e\u3068\u6240\u5f97\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\uff08\u305d\u306e\uff12\uff09\u300d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9152\u4e95\u514b\u5f66\u306e<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u3008\u6df1\u8aad\u307f\u25c6\u79df\u7a0e\u6cd5\u3009<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u3010\u7b2c47\u56de\u3011<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u300c\u5b9d\u304f\u3058\u306b\u4fc2\u308b\u8ab2\u7a0e\u3068\u6240\u5f97\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\uff08\u305d\u306e\uff12\uff09\u300d<\/strong><\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u6559\u6388\u30fb\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb
\n\u9152\u4e95\u3000\u514b\u5f66<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n\t\t

\u300a\uff08\u305d\u306e\uff11\uff09\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u300b<\/p>\n

\u2160\u3000\u8ab2\u7a0e\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306e\u539f\u5247<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff11\u3000\u6a29\u5229\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff12\u3000\u5b9f\u73fe\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff08\uff11\uff09\u3000\u554f\u984c\u610f\u8b58<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u2160\u3000\u8ab2\u7a0e\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306e\u539f\u5247<\/strong>\uff08\u627f\u524d\uff09<\/span><\/h4>\n

\uff12\u3000\u5b9f\u73fe\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>\uff08\u627f\u524d\uff09<\/span><\/h4>\n

\uff08\uff11\uff09\u3000\u554f\u984c\u610f\u8b58\uff08\u627f\u524d\uff09<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u524d\u56de<\/a>\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u82e5\u5e72\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a2d\u554f\u306f\u3001\u52b4\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u306e\u5bfe\u4fa1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b9d\u304f\u3058\u62bd\u9078\u52381,000\u679a\uff08\uff11\u679a300\u5186\uff09\u3092\u7121\u511f\u3067\u8b72\u308a\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u62bd\u9078\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5408\u8a081,003\u4e07\u5186\u306e\u5f53\u305b\u3093\u91d1\u3092\u5f97\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5b9d\u304f\u3058\u306e\u652f\u7d66\u304c\u52b4\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u306e\u5bfe\u4fa1\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u7d66\u4e0e\u6240\u5f97\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3068\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7d66\u4e0e\u6240\u5f97\u306e\u91d1\u984d\u306f300,000\u5186\uff08\uff1d1,000\u679a\u00d7300\u5186\uff09\u30681,003\u4e07\u5186\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3068\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u8a2d\u554f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b9d\u304f\u3058\u306f\uff11\u679a\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u8cfc\u5165\u4fa1\u984d300\u5186\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3001300,000\u5186\u306e\u7d66\u4e0e\u6240\u5f97\u304c\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u3001\u5f53\u9078\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8996\u91ce\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u671f\u5f85\u5024\u7b49\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7b97\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u4fa1\u984d\u3092\u5b9d\u304f\u3058\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u3001\u9023\u756a\u3067\u8cfc\u5165\u3057\u305f\u5b9d\u304f\u3058\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6700\u4f4e10\u679a\u306b\uff11\u679a\u306f300\u5186\u306e\u5f53\u9078\u304c\u78ba\u4fdd\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u3067\u308230,000\u5186\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4eee\u306b\u3001\u7b97\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u671f\u5f85\u5024\u984d\u304c350,000\u5186\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001350,000\u5186\u306e\u7d66\u4e0e\u6240\u5f97\u3068\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001350,000\u5186\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e50,000\u5186\uff08\uff1d350,000\u5186\uff0d300,000\u5186\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u6240\u5f97\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u3079\u304d\u91d1\u984d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u725d\u725b\u3092\u52b4\u52d9\u306e\u5bfe\u4fa1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u652f\u7d66\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001\u725d\u725b\u304c\u5f8c\u306b\u5b50\u725b\u3092\u51fa\u7523\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u307e\u3067\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u8ab2\u7a0e\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3068\u3082\u725d\u725b\u306e\u5e02\u5834\u4fa1\u5024\u3067\u8ab2\u7a0e\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5b9d\u304f\u3058\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u725d\u725b\u306e\u5e02\u5834\u4fa1\u5024\u306f300,000\u5186\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3057\u3001\u5b50\u725b\u3092\u751f\u3080\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u57fa\u306b\u725d\u725b\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f350,000\u5186\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u725d\u725b\u304c\u5b50\u725b\u3092\u751f\u3080\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5b50\u725b\u3092\u751f\u307e\u306a\u3044\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u3082\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u3082\u305d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306b\u3057\u304b\u3059\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3082\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300150,000\u5186\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6240\u5f97\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u306f\u300150,000\u5186\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u725d\u725b\u672c\u4f53\u3068\u300c\u5206\u96e2\u300d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u6240\u5f97\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\u3068\u6349\u3048\u308b\u30bb\u30ea\u30b0\u30de\u30f3\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u304c\u59a5\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5b50\u725b\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5b50\u725b\u304c\u725d\u725b\u304b\u3089\u7523\u307f\u843d\u3068\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u96e2\u8131\uff08separate\uff09\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u30bb\u30ea\u30b0\u30de\u30f3\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u304c\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308bEisner v.Macomber\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Eisner v. Macomber, 252 U.S. 189.\uff09\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3001\u300cMacomber\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff09\u3092\u898b\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\uff12\uff09\u3000Macomber\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/h4>\n

\u682a\u5f0f\u914d\u5f53\u304c\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b6316\u6761\u306b\u3044\u3046\u6240\u5f97\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u3092\u8ab2\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306f\u61b2\u6cd5\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5224\u793a\u3057\u305fMacomber\u4e8b\u4ef6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u91d1\u5b50\u5b8f\u6559\u6388\u306f\u3001\u300c\u79df\u7a0e\u7406\u8ad6\u304a\u3088\u3073\u79df\u7a0e\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u898b\u5730\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u73fe\u304c\u6240\u5f97\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u5229\u5f97\u306e\u307f\u304c\u6240\u5f97\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u539f\u7406\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u5224\u6c7a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u304d\u308f\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff08\u91d1\u5b50\u300e\u6240\u5f97\u6982\u5ff5\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u300f60\u9801\uff08\u6709\u6590\u95a31995\uff09\uff09\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u540c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b9f\u73fe\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7c73\u56fd\u9023\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5224\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u306f\u3001Doyle v. Mitchell Bros. Co.,\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Doyle v. Mitchell Bros. Co,. 247 U.S. 179.\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6240\u5f97\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u8cc7\u672c\uff65\u52b4\u50cd\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u304b\u3089\u751f\u305a\u308b\u5229\u5f97\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n\t\t

\u201cIncome may be defined as the gain derived from capital, from labor, or from both combined\".<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067\u540c\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u201cDerived-from-capital\u201d-\u201cthe gain-derived-from-capital\u201d<\/em>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3001\u300c\u8cc7\u672c\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8aac\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u8ca1\u7523\u304b\u3089\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\uff08severed from the capital\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08derived\uff09\u5229\u5f97\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u8005\u304c\u5206\u96e2\uff08separate\uff09\u3055\u305b\u3066\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u4eab\u53d7\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5229\u5f97\u3053\u305d\u304c\u6240\u5f97\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n\t\t

Here we have the essential matter: not a gain accruing to capital, not a growth or increment of value in the investment; but a gain, a profit, something of exchangeable value proceeding from the property, severed from the capital however invested or employed, and coming in, being \"derived,\" that is, received or drawn by the recipient \uff08the taxpayer\uff09 for his separate use, benefit and disposal; -- that is income derived from property. Nothing else answers the description.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u307e\u305f\u3001\u682a\u5f0f\u914d\u5f53\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u7a4d\u7acb\u5229\u76ca\u304c\u682a\u4e3b\u306b\u914d\u5f53\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u914d\u5f53\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5270\u4f59\u91d1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7a4d\u307f\u7acb\u3066\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u84c4\u7a4d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8cc7\u672c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u682a\u4e3b\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u73fe\uff08realization\uff09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u65e8\u3092\u5224\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n\t\t

A \u201cstock dividend\u201d shows that the company\u2019s accumulated profits have been capitalized, instead of distributed to the stockholders or retained as surplus available for distribution in money or in kind should opportunity offer. Far from being a realization of profits of the stockholder, it tends rather to postpone such realization, it that the fund represented by the new stock has been transferred from surplus to capital, and no longer is available for actual distribution.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u3001\u682a\u4e3b\u306f\u5206\u96e2\uff08separate\uff09\u3055\u305b\u3066\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u4eab\u53d7\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u4f55\u3082\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u540c\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u306f\u682a\u5f0f\u914d\u5f53\u306b\u4fc2\u308b\u6240\u5f97\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n\t\t

The essential and controlling fact is that the stockholder has received nothing out of the company\u2019s assets for his separate use and benefit; on the contrary, every dollar of his original investment, \uff65\uff65\uff65, still remains the property of the company, and subject to business risks which may result in wiping out the entire investment. Having regard to the very truth of the matter, to substance and not to form, he has received nothing that answers the definition of income within the meaning of the Sixteenth Amendment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001Macomber\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6c7a\u306b\u3044\u3046\u300c\u5b9f\u73fe\u300d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306f\u4fee\u6b63\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u5b9f\u73fe\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u8457\u3057\u3044\u62e1\u5f35\u3092\u9042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u3001Macomber\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6c7a\u306e\u679c\u305f\u3059\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6307\u6458\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u306a\u304a\u3001\u682a\u5f0f\u914d\u5f53\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u682a\u5f0f\u306f\u3001\u58f2\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u306f\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304b\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308b\u307e\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n

\n\t\t

It is said that a stockholder may sell the new shares acquired in the stock dividend; and so he may, if he can find a buyer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\uff08\u7d9a\u304f\uff09<\/p>\n

\n\t\t

\u300c\u9152\u4e95\u514b\u5f66\u306e\u3008\u6df1\u8aad\u307f\u25c6\u79df\u7a0e\u6cd5\u3009\u300d\u306f\u3001\u6bce\u6708\u7b2c\uff12\u9031\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u5168\u6587\u3092\u3054\u89a7\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30d5\u30a7\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u4f1a\u54e1\u767b\u9332\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3059\u3067\u306b\u4f1a\u54e1\u767b\u9332\u3092\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u4e0b\u8a18\u30dc\u30bf\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u3046\u3048\u3001\u3054\u89a7\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n